Ever since the 1968 Mexico City Olympic Games which was held at an altitude of 2300 m, the use of altitude to improve performance has been widely used by endurance athletes. Since then there has been a wide range of research that has investigated the use of altitude training to improve competition performance in elite athletes. There is a general acceptance in the athletic community that altitude training is beneficial in improving competition performance both at altitude and at sea-level. More from Dr Philo Saunders here.